Constitutional Movements During the Ottoman Period Constitutional movements during the Ottoman period commenced towards the end of the 18th century. During the period of the 1789-1808, Sultan Selim the Third envisaged the formation of an advisory assembly, called the Meclis-i Meshveret, within the context of the New System (called the Nizam-i Cedid) that he wanted to have set up, which is seen as a major step towards a constitutional government system. The "Sened-i Ittifak", or …showed first 75 words of 873 total…

…showed last 75 words of 873 total…Council of Ministers to Parliament and the concept of the President not being vested with political responsibility are embodied in the 1924 Constitution. The judicial and executive powers are clearly separated. Independent courts exercise judiciary powers on behalf of the nation. The 1924 Constitution was amended in 1937, the six main principles of the Republican Peoples' Party programme, republicanism, nationalism, populism, statism, secularism, and reformism, also being enshrined in the Constitution itself as basic qualities of the state.