Regarding (1) the distinction between humans and animals, (2) the definition of wisdom, and (3) with what philosophy begins: I think these are all related, for Aristotle, they are all suspects of a single issue. I mean, that which enables wisdom is what is distinctive of humans, namely the capacity to derive general assumptions from experience. The results of the exercise of this capacity - that is to say, the nature of the general assumption themselves - are …showed first 75 words of 1575 total…

…showed last 75 words of 1575 total…logic). The universal principle is known actually (deduction) and the particular case (induction or demonstration) is known potentially. He wrote, And this [deduction] evidently belongs to all animals; for they have a connate discriminatory capacity, which is called perception, in some animals retention of the percept comes about and from experience, or from the whole universal that has come to rest in the soul there comes a principle of skill and of understanding [induction, demonstration].